Harlem Renaissance W.E.B. Du Bois. - 1617 Words

Harlem Renaissance: W.E.B. Du Bois. William Edward Burghardt Du Bois was a major sociologist historian, writer, editor, political activist, and cofounder of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). During the Harlem renaissance and through his editorship of crisis magazine, he actively sought and presented the literary genius of black writers for the entire world to acknowledge and honor (Gale schools, 2004). Du Bois was born on February 23, 1868 in great Barrington Massachusetts. His father was a former civil war soldier who left the family for was when his son Do bois was still a toddler. His mother, Mary Silvina Burghardt Du Bois, died in 1884, shortly after her son graduated at the top of his class from†¦show more content†¦The history of the black race in Africa and America was documented in Black Folk, Then and Now: An Essay in the History and Sociology of the Negro Race. Echoing in the Saturday Review of Literature, H. J. Seligmann noted that nobody can neglect the role of the blacks in the making of the world history. Another compliment was made by Barrett Williams. In the Boston Transcript, Williams pointed out that Professor Du Bois had overlooked one of the strongest arguments against racial discrimination. In it, a man of color has proved himself, in the complex and exacting field of scholarship, the full equal of his white colleagues (Gale schools, 2004). Du Bois gradually grew disillusioned with the policies of the NAACP and with the capitalistic system in the United States. When he advocated black autonomy and non-discriminatory segregation in 1934, he was forced to resign from his job at the NAACP. Later he returned to the NAACP and worked there until another drift happened in 1944, between him and the organizations leadership. More conflicts arose between Du Bois and the U.S. government. Du Bois had become disillusioned with capitalism relatively early. In Dark water: Voices from within the Veil, he argued thatShow MoreRelatedThe Harlem Renaissance Poets Essay1317 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment 2: Project Paper: Harlem Renaissance Poets Karron Scott Prof. Josiah Harry HUM 112: World Cultures II 11/27/2012 The Harlem Renaissance was a wonderful allotment of advancement for the black poets and writers of the 1920s and early ‘30s. I see the Harlem Renaissance as a time where people gather together and express their work throughout the world for everyone to see the brilliance and talent the black descendants harness. The two authors I picked were W.E.B Du Bois and Langston HughesRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance : The Rebirth Of African American Arts1708 Words   |  7 PagesHarlem Renaissance The Harlem Renaissance was a cultural, social, and artistic movement that took place in Harlem, New York. This mainly took place starting from the end of the First World War until the mid-1930s. Harlem, at this time, was the center of the African-American culture, and Harlem appealed lot of black artists, writers, scholars, musicians, poets, and photographers. Lots of these artists had fled from the South because they needed to get away from their oppressive caste system so thatRead MoreJackie Robinson : African American Civil Rights Activist1181 Words   |  5 Pagesyears of experience†. Jackie follows to explain that democracy will only work for those who are willing to fight for it (addressed Negro Americans). Du Bois, W.E.B. The Talented Tenth. N.p., Sept. 1903. Print. This is a letter from African-American civil rights activist, W.E.B. Du Bois, explaining what the Talented Tenth is and their goal. Du Bois, W.E.B. Criteria of Negro Art. The Crisis Oct. 1926: n. pag. Print. A newspaper article about what William Edward Burghard, a civil rights activist, thinksRead MoreThe New Negro Of The Harlem Renaissance879 Words   |  4 PagesThe New Negro Movement, also known as The Harlem Renaissance, was a time in the early twentieth century where African Americans embraced literature, music, theatre, and visual arts (Alchin). They were inspired and gave inspiration to many blacks in the community. The Great Migration was the beginning of the Harlem Renaissance – it is, where it began the most significant movement in the black history. After World War I, â€Å"more than six million African Americans† traveled from â€Å"the rural South to theRead MoreAfrican Americans During The Civil War1434 Words   |  6 Pagesaccommodation to white supremacy. Another notable African-American educator is known as W.E.B. Du Bois. William Du Bois was a fantastic teacher with great intelligence and talent. Du Bois became the main voice in the developing black protest movement, and also stressed the importance of a higher education for African-Americans. In the month of June 1905, a group led by the famous black educator W.E.B. Du Bois met at Niagara Falls, Canada, which sparked a new protest movement to demand the rightsRead MoreEssay about The Harlem Renaissance1582 Words   |  7 Pages1930’s, the Harlem Renaissance was an important movement for African-Americans all across America. This movement allowed the black culture to be heard and accepted by white citizens. The movement was expressed through art, music, and literature. These things were also the most known, and remembered things of the renaissance. Also this movement, because of some very strong, moving and inspiring people changed political views for African-Americans. Compared to before, The Harlem Renaissance had majorRead MoreEssay on The Harlem Renaissance1184 Words   |  5 PagesCity and ended up in Harlem. Harlem was essentially a Jewish neighborhood , until the Black community settled in. Harlem, where Blacks eventually became the majority. In Harlem a new black cultural identity began to emerged. It came forth through social, religious, civic and cultural organizations,also through newspapers and journals devoted to black interest. Hearing the words of black leaders such as Marcus Garvey, head of the UNIA, and W.E.B. Du Bois, member of the NAACPRead MoreWhite Supremacy And The Jim Crow Laws1369 Words   |  6 Pagessupremacy in the south where ninety percent of African Americans lived until the Great Migration north that gave way to the Harlem Renaissance. Which was a movement in the 1920 s and 1930 s that opened the discussion on a minority in America. This movement gave a voice to civilians who were slaves sixty years earlier. Even though the Harlem Renaissance was not a true renaissance, the period did serve to stimulate African American writing as well as a new view into politics. They expressed themselvesRead MoreKate Chopin s The Awakening1704 Words   |  7 PagesSeptember 2015 Seminar Essay 1 (Topic #4) The relationship between the individual – the personal, intimate, and internal – and American society – the cultural, institutional, and legal – forges a conflicting war within individual souls. Kate Chopin, W.E.B. Du Bois, and Langston Hughes prompt their readers to analyze the individual costs – the emotional impacts of dominating social and cultural forces. American society, despite habitually being disguised as a detachment from individual lives, sways AmericanRead More Writers of the Harlem Renaissance Essay2535 Words   |  11 PagesWriters of the Harlem Renaissance During the 1920?s, a ?flowering of creativity,? as many have called it, began to sweep the nation. The movement, now known as ?The Harlem Renaissance,? caught like wildfire. Harlem, a part of Manhattan in New York City, became a hugely successful showcase for African American talent. Starting with black literature, the Harlem Renaissance quickly grew to incredible proportions. W.E.B. Du Bois, Claude McKay, and Langston Hughes, along with many other

Discuss Yeats’ changing attitude to ‘Romantic Ireland’ Free Essays

string(81) " of Romantic Modernism more characteristic of American poets such as Hart Crane\." It is one of the dualities in Yeats’ work that a poet renowned for the universal forlorn love lyric should be so inextricably bound to the particular identity, struggle and destiny of the Irish nation. However, on closer examination, Yeats’ poetic style proves that seeming paradox is easily explained when the true nature of Yeats’ idealism is taken into account. This essay shall argue the apparent political revolutionary commitment seen in the 1910’s was something of an aberration, in a transitional period of his career. We will write a custom essay sample on Discuss Yeats’ changing attitude to ‘Romantic Ireland’ or any similar topic only for you Order Now To locate this transition, it is necessary to start at the beginning and end of his life, and work inwards, tracing the changing portrayal of Ireland in his verse. The early Yeats was part of a strong Romantic tradition. Its liking for the emotional authenticity of folk-lore found a ready place in Yeats’ work, as he exploited the rich Irish mythological tradition: his long narrative works all date from this first stage. The first collection uses the ballad form frequently, and the simplicity of poems like ‘To An Isle in the Water’ – â€Å"shy one, shy one/ shy one of my heart / she moves in the firelight† – recalls traditional Irish poetry. Perhaps archetypal of Yeats’ early romantic pieces is ‘To The Rose Upon The Rood Of Time’. His treatment of Ireland and formal technique come together under the auspices of traditional Romanticism: he is unapologetic about drawing from â€Å"Old Eire and the ancient ways.† The poem is populated by mythic and shadowy figures from Ireland’s Gaelic past: the warrior-king Cuchulain, a druid, and Fergus, sometime King of Ulster. Despite coming from an Irish Protestant family, Yeats still paints Ireland as a Celtic idyll, and evokes it using traditional Romantic imagery – stars, the sea, woodlands, flowers. The use of the rose as a motif throughout his early work is indebted not only to the Order of the Golden Dawn, but to Blake in particular. Both shared a mystical tendency beyond Christianity echoed by Yeats’ own wish to be a seer-poet in the Irish tradition: the keeper of the narrative of identity. Formally and technically, it shows the clear legacy of Romanticism too. The opening line, in solid iambic pentameter, runs as a stylized invocation – a common technique of traditional lyrical verse. The repetitions echo prayer, further intensifying the spiritual dimension of the piece. The vocabulary, whilst not necessarily archaic, is certainly that of traditional poetic diction: â€Å"thine†, â€Å"whereof†, â€Å"boughs.† There is a similar stylization in the syntax – â€Å"I would, before my time to go† – and personification of â€Å"eternal beauty wandering on her way.† This phase of his poetry, known as the ‘Celtic twilight’ period, is rich in similar poems; their keynote being Irish themes and myth married to Romantic style and concerns such as unrequited love, heroism and mystical union with nature. Other pieces which use Irish mythology are â€Å"The Hosting of the Sidhe’, ‘The Song of Wandering Aengus’, but the idea of a Celtic idyll (derived from the Romantic’s radical reshaping of pastoral idealism) runs throughout. This early work is a strong contrast to his final collections, some three or four decades later. It is impossible to characterise such an extensive body of poetry with few examples, but the progression is distinctive. His cultural frame of reference seems far wider, drawing on such diverse sources as: â€Å"a Quattrocento painter’s throng / A thoughtless image of Mantegna’s thought†[1] to the famous symbolism of Byzantium, representing imaginative unity and the highest form of culture. Formally, the uniform elegiac tone of the early verse (broken only by simple ballads and refrains) is replaced by much greater variety. Yeats’ background in theatre comes through in many pieces relying on the dialogue form. There are also the unique and iconoclastic ‘Crazy Jane’ poems, as well as series of lyrics and fragments of a few lines. The tone is far less stylised and less self-consciously Romantic: ‘Crazy Jane’ represent the apex of a far m ore open and natural diction. The portrayal of Ireland in these poems mirrors the new progression in style. ‘Under Ben Bulben’ sees Yeats’ rather desperately asking young writers to â€Å"learn your trade† and â€Å"cast your mind on other days.† This strikes a more resigned tone than the early ‘To Ireland In The Coming Times’ where Yeats affirmed: â€Å"I cast my heart into my rhymes† and evoked â€Å"faeries, dancing under the moon / A druid land, a druid tune!† ‘Parnell’s Funeral’ is not so much resigned, as starkly cynical, with Yeats stating: â€Å"all that was sung / all that was said in Ireland is a lie / bred out of the contagion of the throng.† It is an attitude shared in the acerbic ‘The Great Day’ and also ‘Nineteen Hundred And Nineteen’ which describes the â€Å"traffic in mockery†: â€Å"We, who seven years ago Talked of honour and truth, Shriek with pleasure if we show The weasel’s twist, the weasel’s tooth† The poems in The Tower and The Winding Stair, particularly, portray melancholy despair which sees Yeats retreating, whether it be to the symbolic Byzantium, or his own watchtower at Coole Park. The everyday chaos of Ireland is left behind as Yeats surrenders to reflection. Yet this also marks a continuation between the two periods; in the figure of a solitary, reflective artist: â€Å"a man in his own secret meditation / is lost amid the labyrinth that he has made† (‘Nineteen Hundred and Nineteen.’) We see, too, that Yeats had lost none of his gift for the lyric.Note the solemn mysticism of â€Å"wine-dark midnight in the sacred wood† (‘Her Vision In The Wood’) or the powerful spiritual aphorism in ‘Under Ben Bulben’: â€Å"Many times man lives and dies / Between his two eternities.† This continuity, although at odds with the progressions already noted, helps to explain them. It is the vital thread running through his transitional phase, unifying both early and late Yeats, and provokes fresh inquiry into the so-called ‘political’ poems. Yeats was always a Romantic in the Keatsian or Tennysonian reflective strain, rather than the radical political side. Hid poetry nearly always came imbued with myth, ‘otherness’: he proceeded from the Late Romantic period to form a kind of Romantic Modernism more characteristic of American poets such as Hart Crane. You read "Discuss Yeats’ changing attitude to ‘Romantic Ireland’" in category "Papers" His interest in dream symbolism and automatic writing also placed him with the impressionistic side of Modernism (eg.Surrealism) rather than the harsher or more violent wings (imagism, futurism etc.) Yeats’ myth-making and political romanticism is lucidly apparent if the use of legend in the ‘Celtic twilight’ phase is put under closer scrutiny. Without placing too much store on biographical details, Celticism (in the hands of Yeats and others) was double-edged. Although it did support national identity and culture, it was also reinforcing imperial stereotyping of the Celts as irrational, feminine and emotional. By using the ancient myth of Ireland, Yeats was implicitly denying that Ireland had a present; by glorifying the peasantry and the oppressed, he was implicitly affirming that Ireland’s place was as a subjugated nation. This paradox has been noted in a general sense by Edward Said: â€Å"to accept nativism is to accept the consequences of imperialism too willingly, to accept the very radical, religious and political divisions imposed on places like Ireland.†[2] Yeats’ is not a radical revolutionary idealism, but an imaginative idealism: running along metaphysical and mythopoetic lines; not historical or political ones. If this tendency – the tendency to escape into myth – is noted, the later pieces seem less removed from his early career. Yeats peppers his verse with references to former poets, and explicitly assumes the Romantic mantle for himself: â€Å"Some moralist or mythological poet Compares the solitary soul to a swan; I am satisfied with that, Satisfied if a troubled mirror show it, Before that brief gleam of its life be gone.† (‘Nineteen Hundred and Nineteen’) He revels in the symbol of the winding stair to mythologise the poet’s ascent to meditate on the turbulence of the world below. Whereas before Ireland’s enchanted past was the myth, now Ireland is yoked to greater schemes. The civil war representing the violence and disillusion of existence to be set against the spiritual purity of the poet in his tower. The events in Ireland are chained to Yeats’ elaborate visions of cyclical history set out in ‘The Second Coming’ and ‘The Gyres.’ The â€Å"violence upon the roads† (Nineteen Hundred and Nineteen† and the â€Å"rage-driven, rage-tormented, and rage-hungry troop† (‘Meditations in Time of Civil War’) are local analogues for the universal â€Å"blood-dimmed tide† of ‘The Second Coming’. Yeats still does celebrate Ireland – it would be fallacy to suggest that the violence of the Civil War sickened his idealism so much he could never face Ireland again with anything but cynicism. However, his engagement was often wary, sometimes ironical – the drinking song of ‘ Come Gather Round Me, Parnellites.’ Neither can it be ignored that he occasionally refashioned his old Celtic schemes, most famously in ‘Under Ben Bulben’ although even here it becomes a segment of a wider schema: â€Å"gyres run on / when that greater dream had gone.† It is particularly interesting, although perhaps not surprising, that Yeats took the events of the civil war and immediately mythologised them. As mentioned above, the black-and-tan conflict becomes an antithetical tension in his meditative poems, or is encompassed into some larger historical cycle. In various pieces, the heroes of Irish independence take their historical place neatly alongside Wolfe Tone and the Celtic warriors. Even before the fate of the Irish Free State had been decided, Yeats had abstracted the civil war and the contemporary crisis into history and myth. It seems that in his poetry, Ireland had to be romantic. Which helps to explain exactly why Yeats had a seemingly ‘political’ phase. Essentially, for a brief period, the reality of Ireland suddenly became equal to the romantic ideal – a struggle for an ideal and a dream, a forging of identity, a moment of historical crisis, death and beauty side by side. Yeats suddenly found that, for a moment, romantic Ireland seemed to be tentatively existent. It must be noted that the ‘political’ phase coincided beautifully with the technical and stylistic transition. It would be mere speculation to try to delineate some kind of causal relationship, but it is clear that by 1914 Yeats was searching for some kind of new poetic idiom. His patchy excursions into Imagist style verse in The Green Helmet show he was dissatisfied with simply creating carbon-copy Keatsian Celtic lyrics. It was also about this time that the first dialogue poems began to appear. Emotionally, the tone of the poetry is dejected too. Yeats â€Å"grew weary of the sun† and suggests he might have â€Å"been content to live† in ‘Words’. ‘No Second Troy’rebukes Gonne: â€Å"she filled my days / with misery†, whilst the downbeat ‘Lines written in Dejection’ sees him with â€Å"nothing but the embittered sun.† It is seemingly with the Civil War that Yeats found a way to harness his Romanticism to both modern Ireland and to Modernism itself. The period was one of great variety in style and theme. Culminations of his wistful melancholia appear as late as The Wild Swans of Coole (notably the title poem.) Yet they lie side by side with dubious Modernist outings like ‘The Balloon of the Mind’ and more successful sparse and clean verse like (perhaps supremely) ‘Easter 1916.’ Poems like ‘The Phases of the Moon’ and ‘Ego Dominus Tuus’ anticipate Yeats’ later metaphysical and philosophical bent. And he was still glorifying the Irish peasantry in pieces like ‘The Fisherman.’ As Bloom points out â€Å"the two years from late 1915 to late 1917 were the most important of Yeats’ imaginative life.†[3] Surely no accident then, that such a time frame was identical to the opening of the Irish hostilities. A longer transitional period (Responsibilities to Michael Robartes) interlocks uncannily with the end of the Home Rule, the Easter Rising and the course of the Irish Civil War. Thus it appears the Ireland’s revolution either spurred Yeats’ poetic career on to new ground, or he exploited it to facilitate the transition. In ‘September 1913†², disillusioned by the philistine and listless middle classes (symbolised by the â€Å"greasy till†), is among the strongest glorification of the Irish revolutionary tradition: â€Å"they were of a different kind, The names that stilled your childish play, They have gone about the world like wind, But little time had they to pray For whom the hangman’s rope was spun, And what, God help us, could they save?† The second in the triptych of Yeats’ war poems (the other was Nineteen Hundred and Nineteen), was ‘Easter 1916’, where Yeats even questions the viability of art to encapsulate the glory of the revolutionaries: â€Å"no, no, not night but death.† This is quite a reversal for an artist who is fiercely aware of the myth-making possibility of poetry, and the importance of the narrative bardic tradition to Irish identity. Yeats is quick to contrast the everyday â€Å"polite meaningless words† and the bourgeois world of â€Å"eighteenth century houses† with the sacrifice and honour of the 1916 rebels: â€Å"We know their dreams, enough To know they dreamed and are dead; And what if excess of love Bewildered them till they died? I write it out in a verse – MacDonaugh and MacBride And Connolly and Pearse.† Yet even here, perhaps at the very apex of his political phase, there is doubt – â€Å"too long a sacrifice / Can make a stone of the heart† and foreboding of an destructive, irreversible change: â€Å"changed, changed utterly: / A terrible beauty is born.† These two separate images remind us that Yeats was an imaginative (and not political) idealist, and evoke two of his emblematic concerns: stasis, and the dying moment. Both his traditional and Modernist Romanticism are rooted in an intense awareness of time and history. The ‘Celtic twilight’ poems, with their exploration of myth, unrequited love, and sorrow, sensualise and unify the tension between the Romantic polarity of eternity and transience; compare with Blake’s ‘Auguries of Innocence’ or Shelley’s ‘To A Skylark.’ Whilst never fully leaving the shadow of the Romantics – consider â€Å"I meditate upon a swallow’s flight† from ‘Coole Park, 1929’ – he also engaged with the Modernist crisis of temporality. The Modernist project to obliterate time has an ally of sorts in Yeats. One might consider the ‘out of time’ reflections of the tower poems, the instant of rape enlarged into ‘Leda and the Swan’, the a-temporal juxtaposition of historical figures in ‘The Statues’, and of course the apocalyptic visions of ‘The Second Coming’ and ‘The Gyres.’ Note, too, the vast amount of material Yeats wrote on the experiences of aging and death. It is this obsession with time that reveals Yeats’ true image of Ireland. Ireland, for him at least, had to be romantic Ireland, otherwise it something to be rejected as inferior – philistine, crude, brutal – and inimical to the soul of an imaginative artist. The Ireland of Yeats’ verse was always an Ireland of the past, an Ireland passing away, with one eye on the eternities of legend and history. The images of Ireland changed repeatedly yet the undertow of myth remained the same. For a brief period around ‘Easter 1916†² – a time that fortuitously coincided with and perhaps enabled Yeats’ technical transition – the reality of present Ireland was seemingly equal to its mythic past. It is ironic that Yeats’ most relevant and political poem was also his greatest act of myth-making. What was really â€Å"changed, changed utterly† was not the history of Ireland, but Yeats’ imaginative landscape. Ireland, once again, faded to romantic legend, and was dead and gone. Yeats slotted Pearse as heir to Cuchulain in his mythic schema, and continued his intrinsically timeless and subjective quest, fusing Modernism, Romanticism – and Ireland – into his own poetic idiom. How to cite Discuss Yeats’ changing attitude to ‘Romantic Ireland’, Papers

Role of Computer Games and its Adverse Effects in Society

Question: Describe the Role of Computer Games and its Adverse Effects in Society. Answer: Introduction The video game concept is a controversial issue as many other topics. The line between an excessive amount of gaming and a healthy amount is quickly forgotten. For some video games are a way to relax or unwind after a long day, and to some people, it is an addiction, but still, this form of entertainment cannot be entirely ignored. Video games can be a form of social activity, a learning experience and stimulating if used to the right degree (Granic, Lobel and Engels, 2014). This report on computer games and its effect on health critically analyses in detail the age group who are actively engaged in playing video games, development in computer technology over the years mentioning the current consoles and probable effect on youth. There are various reasons why playing games is an integral life of many gamers and the psychology behind it is explored and mentions its effect on the society. A critical argument is also behind this psychology by quoting a line from a famous comedian. A brief history is explained citing the era of video game devices starting from the early generation up to current generation and its future. The concluding part details the adverse effects on children from playing long hours of computer games. Main Age Groups playing Video Games As Charrieras and Ivanova (2016) stated, computer games of today are played by all age groups, and comprises of mostly young adults and teenagers in the age group of 16-24 years old. The number is quite high in America where 81% of youths play at least once per month. Benefits or not, it raises a big question when the 8 to 12 year old plays 13 hours of video games per week and 13 18-year-old plays for about 14 hours in a week. With such a wide variety of games available and with the general interest, it is hard to prevent kids from playing them; rather the question that must be raised is if the children are benefitting from it (Noga, 2016). Evolution of Video Games and Devices Gee (2016) opined that games have evolved to a point where the person needs to be smarter, have quick reflexes and think fast to react quickly to events in a limited time frame. Over the years gameplay has been refined to such a point that it can accurately mimic realistic scenarios, which is responsible for garnering interest and the increase of the fan base. Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB) and Videogame Rating Industry (VRC) were formed in 1993 to specify age ratings for different games, as many game companies started making games for adults like God of War, Assassins Creed, and Max Payne to reap profits. Currently, gaming consoles like PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Wii U and VR headsets and gaming gadgets and peripherals have penetrated the market to cater to the hardcore gamers, which are vastly superior regarding graphics, sound, and physics. It is still debatable if todays increased realism of games has led to violent social behaviors among the general youth especially in America in regards to gun control (Egenfeldt-Nielsen, Smith Tosca 2016). Importance of Games to Gamers As Romero, Usart and Ott (2015) opined, there are numerous games which when evaluated can bring out a lot of cons than positives. To some people, however, games have had a positive effect on them in the form of better cognitive thinking, good hand-eye coordination, and performing daily chores with much more precision (Granic, Lobel and Engels, 2014). There are some educational or traditional games which focus on specific aspects that not only let increases the knowledge of the player, simulate sports gameplay like football and cricket, and also help them relieve historical events, instances being Total War series, Simcity, Fifa, Call of Duty, among others. There are few games like Bioshock, The Walking Dead, Life is Strange and Uncharted, which excelled regarding storytelling and long after the games had been finished it remains in the mind of the gamers, which makes this medium for good storytelling. Another debatable aspect being games often present scenarios with unrealistic or id eal characters and situations which transport the player to a fantasy or imaginary world but often create unrealistic expectations (Bleakley, 2015). Games often objectify women with unrealistic body proportions and costumes for catering to the large base of male players. As Marcus Brigstocke, a comedian and author put it If Pac-Man had affected us as kids, we would all be running around in dark rooms, munching pills and listening to repetitive electronic music (Thompson, 2016). Video Game Devices Earlier there were gaming cafes and video game parlors which stocked a limited number of games where the younger age groups would spend hours. Then there were home consoles where a person could play games from the comfort of home. Presently the market is filled with lots of gaming consoles (specific devices made for playing games), like Playstation 4, Xbox One, Wii U, handheld consoles like Gameboy, and the rest play on desktop computers or laptops (Wesley and Barczak, 2016). Most of the consoles need just a display, and PC gamers can adjust game settings according to their hardware for smooth gameplay, which makes this platform all the more versatile. The gaming market has seen a huge surge in interest, and the games are not only restricted to specific consoles or devices but in smartphones too. The next generation of gaming is going to be on clouds for online gameplay. Time Spent in Video Games One of the biggest disadvantages of computers games is that the youngsters spend a lot of time in front of television or computers screens, which hurt their eyes leading to put on spectacles at a young age. This habit leads to spending less time in traditional sports, skipping on lunch and other important meals, which affects their eyes, overall health, distracts their mind, and their studies suffer as a result (Rezaei Dehaghani, Mohammadi and Mehrabi, 2016). Many games present obscene scenes and dialogues which sway the minds of young towards the pop culture (Effect of Video Games on Child Development | Developmental Psychology at Vanderbilt, 2016). Recommendations Being Aware of the Content There has been a lot of research on the impact of video games, and it has shown improvement in social benefits and cognitive functions. Instead of just playing the game, if the player focuses on the meaning of the messages, the guidelines, challenges, and restrictions then the player can gain a lot of knowledge from them and implement them in their life barring the negativities. Parents need to be aware of the kind of games their children play and need to buy games online or offline after seeing the age rating and then making a personal evaluation if the game will be suitable for the kid. Regulation of habits Parents also need to balance their children's gaming addiction and limit it to no more than 1 hour per day, and that too after they finish their daily chores including school work and personal chores. Children should be encouraged for engaging in social interaction. If there is more than one kid in the room, then the parents must ensure that they do not fight for their turns instead give them a mental note on their playtime. In respect to mainstream media, video games are mostly uncensored in many countries, and it provides broad access to enjoy this medium in its unrestricted form. Games as a Learning Tool Players can increase their knowledge by playing historical games like Total War series, Civilization series, World War games like Call of Duty, Battlefield series, tycoon and management simulation games like Rollercoaster Tycoon, Simcity, and sports games like Fifa and Cricket. Players playing games for more than an hour should go for an eye checkup every six months and take proper glasses. Good posture also needs to be maintained to avoid long term injuries. Besides those playing need to get up and walk in nature from time to time. Conclusion Video games are a big part of the current contemporary culture, and people of all ages enjoy it in different forms. It has been found that the children from 8 18-year-olds are most active in the gaming scene and spend up to 13-14 hours per week. They cant be prevented from playing them rather research is on in converting those hours into productive time. Computer technology has evolved a lot over the years, and desktop gaming has been refined so much that currently, it depicts a very realistic picture of real life scenarios. Even though game ratings exist but the system is yet to be adequately implemented. There have been instances of violence among youth, but it is not determined if they are caused by video games. Games are an immersive form of the medium which can make a fictitious setting much believable. Often it objectifies women and makes players have unrealistic expectations in real life. Advantages being games increase hand-eye coordination, fast reflexes, and cognitive skil ls. Games have evolved from arcade game parlors to gaming consoles and smartphones devices. There are significant disadvantages from playing long hours including poor eyesight, lack of social interaction and adverse effects on health. References Bleakley, C. M., Charles, D., Porter-Armstrong, A., McNeil, M.D., McDonough, S, M., McCormack, B. (2015). Gaming for health a systematicreview of the physical and cognitiveeffects of interactive computer games in older adults.Journal of Applied Gerontology, 34(3), NP166-NP189. Charrieras, D. Ivanova, N. (2016). Emergence in video game production: Video game engines as technical individuals.Social Science Information,55(3), 337-356. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018416642056 Effect of Video Games on Child Development | Developmental Psychology at Vanderbilt. (2016).My.vanderbilt.edu. Retrieved 9 September 2016, from https://my.vanderbilt.edu/developmentalpsychologyblog/2014/04/effect-of-video-games-on-child-development/ Egenfeldt-Nielsen, S., Smith, J. H., Tosca, S. P. (2016).Understanding video games: The essential introduction. Routledge. Gee, J. P. (2016).Gaming lives in the twenty-first century: Literate connections. G. Hawisher, C. Selfe (Eds.). Springer. Granic, I., Lobel, A., Engels, R. C. (2014). The benefits of playing video games.American Psychologist, 69(1), 66. Granic, I., Lobel, A., Engels, R. C. (2014). The benefits of playing video games.American Psychologist, 69(1), 66. Noga, H. (2016). SELECTED FACTORS OF THE SOCIALIZATION IMPACT OF COMPUTER GAMES AND THEIR CONTENT.SIE,2, 569. https://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2016vol2.1417 Rezaei Dehaghani, A., Mohammadi, M., Mehrabi, T. (2016). Association between playing computer games and mental and social health among male adolescents inIranin 2014.Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 21(2), 153. doi:10.4103/1735-9066.178236 Romero, M., Usart, M., Ott, M. (2015). Can serious games contribute to developing and sustaining 21st century skills?.Games and Culture,10(2), 148-177. Thompson, K. (2016).It's All About You, Simply Nutrition, Simply Fitness and Beauty, Art Appreciation, Out and About. Troubador Publishing Ltd. Wesley, D., Barczak, G. (2016).Innovation and marketing in the video game industry: avoiding the performance trap. CRC Press.

Southwest Airlines Staying Ahead the Pricing Game

South west pricing strategy was a unique strategy different from the normal conventional industrial strategies. Initially, it sought to retain the lowest air tickets for certain routes that it operated.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Southwest Airlines: Staying Ahead the Pricing Game specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, the airline created some policies which included; flights with no first class, non assigned seats, flying one type of air craft, limited in-flight entertainment and offering no retirement benefit plans for its employees. Considerably, the formulation of these policies led to the success of this company making it to dominate over the first three decades. The strategy required little cost to maintain its cost centers as compared to other airlines. Generally, each class of customers desire different qualities and values. For business class travelers, price is not a limitation to them. Ho wever, their major concerns are; the ease at which can tickets can be changed, first class comfort, assigned seating arrangement, convenient and frequent flights to their destinations, convenience in arrival time and availability private airline lounges. On the contrary, leisure travelers look for low cost airlines with no additional fees. Compared to their competitors, south west airline has shown better improvements in catering for its customers needs. The airline prefers flying a bus route rather hub to spoke pattern.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, It has evaluated it’s under performing routes so as to develop profitable city routes with its destinations to non crowded airports. Notably, this has helped the airline to save on time for its customers. Moreover, the airline has created customer loyalty with leisure travelers as compared to other ai rlines which only consider business class models. Its destinations are always on schedule with more frequent, non stop flights. Lastly, the company has pledged to always maintain the best customer care in the most efficient and effective way. One of the vital internal factors affecting the airline pricing decisions would be lab our costs. South west case clearly shows this aspect through their earlier policies. According to the company, profit sharing for employees would reduce lab our cost. Other factors include, marketing policies, objectives and supply. For instance, initially, the main objective was to retain low prices and create high profit margin. Today the company has revised its policies so as to curb the increased competition by creating new routes and offering business class travels which have very enticing policies though higher in price. To eliminate high ticket prices from sales agents they only allow for online booking. On the other hand, Supply depends on capacity th e airline can deliver to a specific destination. South west airline aims at delivering full capacity during flights by incorporating the leisure travelers who are not on a schedule. Additionally, they are offered discounted fares so as to fill in the empty seats.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Southwest Airlines: Staying Ahead the Pricing Game specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More External factors include; rates and taxes, government regulations, completion, demand and fuel costs. Notably, fuel prices make up the largest component than all the other variables that affect price. Majority of the airlines are feeling the impact of the increasing fuel prices making their pricing strategies less effective and inefficient. The airline has managed to increase its prices and still maintained its customer loyalty and reputation through discounts. Among its marketing campaigns include, no charges for baggage and change t ickets. This is different compared to other caries which charge up to 50 dollars. Preferably, this is a major reason why the prices of the company remain high since it incorporates the extra charges in baggage and change fees in its ticket price. However, other airlines maintain their prices low by distributing the travel expenses so as to lower the normal travel price to extra charges in luggage and travel change tickets. Lastly, the airline has limited its on line ticketing to only one site ‘The south west.com’ which limits the customer to compare prices. From its background the company has been consistent in its growth. It has managed to make tremendous achievements from maintaining customer loyalty and low prices even with high fuel prices. Through this we can definitely conclude that the airline can sustain its pricing strategy and freely compete with other airline such as the Jet Blue.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Jet blue is a real threat to the company. Currently, the airline has purchased an Air Tran with an aim of expanding its routes. South west should look unto this matter by purchasing the most modern air crafts such as the dream liner which is efficient on fuel. The airline ought to continually expand its business destinations to as far as China, Turkey and Dubai which are the current popular business markets. In addition, it should increase its promotional strategies by closely paying attention to the insights of the customer. Practically, it is very expensive for a round trip ticket noting that some customers will at some point require no luggage either on return from destination or when flying to out. Creating some discounts on these cases might ease the cost for passengers and build more customer loyalty. Lastly, I would recommend free internet for on all planes in southwest airline. This would be very enticing to business travelers and would be a unique strategy than no carrier h as recently formulated. This case study on Southwest Airlines: Staying Ahead the Pricing Game was written and submitted by user Kimberly Kent to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.